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Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD)
The temporomandibular joint is a small joint located in front of the ear where the skull and lower jaw meet, which allows the lower mandible (jaw) to function and move.

TMD disorders have a variety of symptoms. Patients may complain of earaches, headaches, and limited ability to open the mouth. They may also complain of clicking or grating sounds in the joint and feel pain when opening and closing the mouth. The oral surgeon must determine the cause of these symptoms.

Arthritis may be one cause of TMD symptoms. Another common cause involves displacement or dislocation of the disc that is located between the jawbone and the socket. Trauma to the area can also cause the parts of the temporomandibular joint to fuse, preventing jaw movement altogether. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon's treatment may range from conservative dental and medical care to complex surgery. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may include short-term medications for pain and muscle relaxation, bite plate or splint therapy, and even stress management counseling. Special imaging studies of the joints may be ordered and appropriate referral to other dental or medical specialists or a physical therapist may be required. If nonsurgical treatment is unsuccessful or if there is clear joint damage, surgery may be indicated. Surgery can involve either arthroscopy surgery or repair of the damaged tissue by a direct surgical approach. Once temporomandibular joint disorder is diagnosed correctly, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon can provide appropriate treatment.